https://www.salo.org.za/formats/dialogue-online/Recent content in Dialogue Online on Southern African Liaison OfficeHugo -- gohugo.ioen-zaSat, 09 May 2026 18:37:46 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-the-new-scramble-for-critical-minerals-can-africa-shape-the-rules-of-the-green-economy/Tue, 24 Mar 2026 15:26:58 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-the-new-scramble-for-critical-minerals-can-africa-shape-the-rules-of-the-green-economy/DO - The New Scramble for Critical Minerals- March 2026Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/from-the-archive-dialogue-online-no-5-2015-a-critique-of-the-current-regional-approach-to-human-security-within-the-context-of-informality-and-a-pervasive-artisanal-and-small-sca/Fri, 20 Mar 2026 09:49:49 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/from-the-archive-dialogue-online-no-5-2015-a-critique-of-the-current-regional-approach-to-human-security-within-the-context-of-informality-and-a-pervasive-artisanal-and-small-sca/DO5of2015Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/reflections-on-mozambiques-national-dialogue-progress-and-challenges-december-2025/Wed, 31 Dec 2025 19:20:51 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/reflections-on-mozambiques-national-dialogue-progress-and-challenges-december-2025/Dialogue Online - Reflections on Mozambique National Dialogue_Dec 2025Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-africas-critical-minerals-the-missing-voice-at-the-g20-table-by-amahle-kimbili-salo-september-2025/Mon, 22 Sep 2025 18:19:08 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-africas-critical-minerals-the-missing-voice-at-the-g20-table-by-amahle-kimbili-salo-september-2025/SALO DO - Africa’s Critical MineralsDownloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-the-g20-critical-minerals-a-high-stakes-balancing-act-by-lusanda-nobanda-salo/Fri, 19 Sep 2025 13:34:47 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-the-g20-critical-minerals-a-high-stakes-balancing-act-by-lusanda-nobanda-salo/SALO DO - The G20 Critical Minerals A High-Stakes Balancing ActDownloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-feminist-foreign-policy-merely-a-label-or-catalyst-for-real-change-by-ineke-stemmet/Mon, 19 Feb 2024 08:16:18 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-feminist-foreign-policy-merely-a-label-or-catalyst-for-real-change-by-ineke-stemmet/Dialogue-Online-Feminist-Foreign-Policy-FinalDownloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-electoral-crisis-conflict-and-instability-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-what-does-the-future-hold-by-tendai-mbanje-february-2024/Tue, 13 Feb 2024 10:10:52 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-electoral-crisis-conflict-and-instability-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-what-does-the-future-hold-by-tendai-mbanje-february-2024/DO-DRC-electoral-crisis-and-way-forward-2024Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-mozambican-brief-3-by-athenkosi-thoba-salo-may-2022/Tue, 31 May 2022 08:31:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-mozambican-brief-3-by-athenkosi-thoba-salo-may-2022/DO-Mozambican-Brief-3-By-Athenkosi-Thoba-May-22Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-silindele-ukuza-kukanxele-reflections-on-prospects-of-an-inclusive-national-dialogue-in-eswatini-by-mbuyiseli-lwazi-somya/Sat, 21 May 2022 08:05:47 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-silindele-ukuza-kukanxele-reflections-on-prospects-of-an-inclusive-national-dialogue-in-eswatini-by-mbuyiseli-lwazi-somya/DIALOGUE-ONLINE-eSwatini-May-2022Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-an-intersectional-approach-to-collective-societal-responsibility-by-busisiwe-nxumalo-march-2022/Thu, 31 Mar 2022 08:17:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-an-intersectional-approach-to-collective-societal-responsibility-by-busisiwe-nxumalo-march-2022/DO-An-intersectional-approach-to-collective-societal-responsibility-March-2022Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-mozambican-brief-2-by-fowzia-davids-january-2022/Thu, 27 Jan 2022 09:01:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-mozambican-brief-2-by-fowzia-davids-january-2022/Dialogue-Online-Mozambique-Jan-2022Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/brief-on-the-security-situation-in-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-october-2021/Sun, 31 Oct 2021 15:01:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/brief-on-the-security-situation-in-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-october-2021/Image: “5.56mm Ammunition Rounds for SA80 Rifle”by Defence Images is licensed underCC BY-NC-ND 2.0 DO-Brief-on-the-Security-Situation-in-Mozambique-Oct-2021Downloadhttps://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-addressing-the-resource-curse-in-northern-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Tue, 27 Apr 2021 07:36:58 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-addressing-the-resource-curse-in-northern-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Image: “The landscape of northern Mozambique”byInternational Livestock Research Instituteis licensed underCC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Download PDF: Dialogue-Online-Mozambique-Resource-Curse.pdf Northern Mozambique has been experiencing an escalating conflict since October 2017. The insurgent group operating in the area is called Al-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa (ASWJ), Ansar al-Sunna, or by locals as Al-Shabaab (with no know links to the Somali-based terrorist group).https://www.salo.org.za/vaccinating-migrants-is-the-constitutional-thing-to-do-by-tebogo-lekubu-salo/Wed, 31 Mar 2021 12:26:52 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/vaccinating-migrants-is-the-constitutional-thing-to-do-by-tebogo-lekubu-salo/Image: “Syringe and Vaccine”byNIAIDis licensed underCC BY 2.0 Download PDF version here: DO-Vaccines-and-Migrants-.pdf (salo.org.za) COVID-19 has affected South Africa and the world at large, with all sectors of society having had to deal with a myriad of unforeseen disruptions to daily life.https://www.salo.org.za/update-on-the-security-situation-in-northern-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Tue, 02 Mar 2021 10:13:52 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/update-on-the-security-situation-in-northern-mozambique-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Title Image: “northern Mozambique”bykrugergirl26is licensed underCC BY 2.0 Download PDF version here: Dialogue-Online-Mozambique-update-Feb-2021.pdf (salo.org.za) Introduction The jihadist group, Al-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa (ASWJ) (otherwise known as al-Shabaab, with no known ties to the Somalian group with the same name) has been active in Mozambique since October 2017.https://www.salo.org.za/zimbabwes-human-security-situation-and-covid-19-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Tue, 13 Oct 2020 16:44:57 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/zimbabwes-human-security-situation-and-covid-19-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Download PDF version here: Zimbabwe-Human-Security-and-Covid-19-by-Ineke.pdf Introduction The concept of human security refers to a type of security beyond the traditional approach of prioritising the security of the state. In fact, the state is often the actor that creates insecurity for its or other citizens.https://www.salo.org.za/zimbabwean-migrants-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Thu, 24 Sep 2020 09:36:24 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/zimbabwean-migrants-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Download PDF here: Dialogue-Online-Zimbabwean-Migrants-during-the-Covid-19-Pandemic.pdf Covid-19 and Migration The Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns and border closures have created a double burden of vulnerability for migrants globally. This includes firstly the means of travelling to the country they wish to migrate to, or back to their countries of origin.https://www.salo.org.za/mozambique-terrorist-insurgency-an-uncoordinated-response-to-a-looming-regional-crisis-by-fowzia-davids-and-lindiwe-mthembu/Tue, 01 Sep 2020 11:37:15 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/mozambique-terrorist-insurgency-an-uncoordinated-response-to-a-looming-regional-crisis-by-fowzia-davids-and-lindiwe-mthembu/Download PDF version here: Dialogue-Online-Mozambique_-Domestic-and-Regional-Counterinsurgency-Efforts-28-August-2020.pdf Introduction An Islamist insurgency in Mozambique’s gas-rich northern Cabo Delgado province has been ongoing since October 2017 by the terrorist group commonly known as Al-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa (ASWJ), Ansar al-Sunna, or by locals as Al-Shabaab (unaffiliated to the Somali-based terrorist group).https://www.salo.org.za/womens-month-reflecting-on-womens-experiences-in-the-context-of-covid-19-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Sun, 09 Aug 2020 17:07:59 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/womens-month-reflecting-on-womens-experiences-in-the-context-of-covid-19-by-ineke-stemmet-salo/Women’s month in South Africa is commemorated to pay tribute to the more than 20 000 women who, on 9 August 1956, marched to the Union Buildings to protest the Apartheid Regime’s extension of the pass laws onto women. As such, August is declared by the South African government as women’s month and August 9th is celebrated as Women’s Day.https://www.salo.org.za/south-africas-civil-union-amendment-bill-a-step-in-the-right-direction-by-mbuyiseli-lwazi-somya/Mon, 27 Jul 2020 14:28:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/south-africas-civil-union-amendment-bill-a-step-in-the-right-direction-by-mbuyiseli-lwazi-somya/DOWNLOAD PDF VERSION HERE: </media/2020/08/Policy-Dialogue-South-Africa-Civil-Union-Amendment-Act.pdf> On 1st July 2020, South Africa’s second House of Parliament, the National Council of Provinces during a virtual sitting adopted an amendment of the Civil Union Act and was sent to Head of State President Cyril Ramaphosa for assent.https://www.salo.org.za/covid-19-and-the-question-of-human-security-in-zimbabwe/Thu, 09 Jul 2020 09:10:06 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/covid-19-and-the-question-of-human-security-in-zimbabwe/DOWNLOAD PDF VERSION Context Last year (2019) marked the 25th Anniversary of the Human Security concept; it was also a year that highlighted the increasing salience of the adverse impacts of climate change on various communities throughout the world (especially in the Global South).https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-archives/Sun, 31 Mar 2019 12:33:00 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-archives/“The elders sit under the big tree and talk until they agree…talking until you agree (or agree to disagree) is the essential (essence) of the traditional African concept of democracy…” Julius Nyerere Since SALO’s central focus is peace and security, Dialogue Online articles focus primarily on this theme, but drawing attention to the nexuses with development, natural resource governance, human rights and gender, mediation, environment and climate change.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no2-of-2017-the-role-of-the-international-community-in-south-sudan-by-ms-emmaculate-asige-19-july-2017/Wed, 19 Jul 2017 08:00:57 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no2-of-2017-the-role-of-the-international-community-in-south-sudan-by-ms-emmaculate-asige-19-july-2017/As shown by cases such as the Rwandan Genocide, the international community’s reaction to African civil wars has often been too weak, too little and/or too late. However, since the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, the presence of international actors in pursuit of peace in South Sudan has been recorded as overwhelming.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22016-lgbti-rights-and-south-africas-proposed-hate-legislationby-katherine-sutherland-07-june-2017/Wed, 07 Jun 2017 19:53:58 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22016-lgbti-rights-and-south-africas-proposed-hate-legislationby-katherine-sutherland-07-june-2017/The proposed hate crime and hate speech bill is a step towards combatting hate directed at vulnerable groups and ensuring alignment between practice and constitutional provisions. South Africa was the first nation to clearly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in its constitution, the fifth to legalise same sex marriage, and a signatory of the first UN resolution affirming the rights of LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) people: all victories visible on the world stage.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22016-south-african-foreign-policys-conflict-mediation-outcomes-are-significantly-shaped-by-the-democratic-deficit-which-characterises-the-african-continent/Mon, 01 Aug 2016 09:48:20 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22016-south-african-foreign-policys-conflict-mediation-outcomes-are-significantly-shaped-by-the-democratic-deficit-which-characterises-the-african-continent/South African foreign policy has brooked a fair amount of criticism from observers and commentators in recent times. The suggestion has been that it is unclear and that its core values and priorities are obfuscated by practitioners. The following is an attempt to understand the key influences that have shaped South African foreign policy priorities after 1994, in particular, conflict mediation as a key South African Foreign policy priority.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-12016-succession-politics-in-zimbabwe-grace-mugabe-and-the-end-of-patriotic-history-by-tamuka-charles-chirimambowa/Wed, 09 Mar 2016 09:11:12 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-12016-succession-politics-in-zimbabwe-grace-mugabe-and-the-end-of-patriotic-history-by-tamuka-charles-chirimambowa/9 March 2016 In this piece, University of Johannesburg PhD student, Tamuka Charles Chirimambowa, examines the possible permutations of the ongoing factional fights within Zimbabwe’s ruling ZANU-PF party to succeed the aging party and country’s leader, Robert Mugabe, who turned 92 years on the 21st of February 2016.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-142015-special-feature-16-days-of-activism-for-no-violence-against-women-and-children-my-friend-trafficked-me-so-that-she-can-pay-her-university-fees-by-ms-abigail-javier-m/Thu, 03 Dec 2015 12:29:10 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-142015-special-feature-16-days-of-activism-for-no-violence-against-women-and-children-my-friend-trafficked-me-so-that-she-can-pay-her-university-fees-by-ms-abigail-javier-m/The publication of this featured story on Dialogue Online is inspired by the Campaign 16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against Women and Children commencing the 25th of November 2015. It falls under SALO’s Agenda 2030 Development Dialogue Series on Goal 16: Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies and access to justice for sustainable development and our work on gender and migration between and within countries.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-132015-china-africa-focac-summit-how-china-can-help-african-countries-advance-peace-in-the-2030-agenda-by-richard-smith-southern-african-liaison-office-salo-showers-mawo/Wed, 02 Dec 2015 08:12:40 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-132015-china-africa-focac-summit-how-china-can-help-african-countries-advance-peace-in-the-2030-agenda-by-richard-smith-southern-african-liaison-office-salo-showers-mawo/The sixth meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation provides an opportunity to deepen partnership, address collective challenges, and enable African countries to make significant progress towards the peace-related targets in the 2030 Agenda. Download PDF here: DO13of2015https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-122015-trendsetting-the-third-india-africa-summit-iafs-3-in-africas-development-trajectory-by-sanusha-naidu/Wed, 28 Oct 2015 08:06:59 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-122015-trendsetting-the-third-india-africa-summit-iafs-3-in-africas-development-trajectory-by-sanusha-naidu/In this article, Sanusha Naidu examines India-Africa trade relations within the context of the forthcoming, Third India-Africa Summit (IAFS 3) to be held from 26 – 29 October 2015. She argues that the summit presents an opportunity for India to set out a pragmatic agenda for how it will chart its engagement with the continent over the next three years.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-112015-commemorating-womens-month-by-litlhare-rabele/Wed, 19 Aug 2015 08:18:56 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-112015-commemorating-womens-month-by-litlhare-rabele/August gives an opportunity for all of us in South Africa to reflect on the status of women in South Africa, the role that women play in development, to take stock of achievements, celebrate women who have contributed to the political and socio-economic development as well as the advancement of other women in South Africa, identify challenges ahead and strategies to overcome these challenges faced by women.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-102015-the-nordic-welfare-model-lessons-for-south-africa-by-showers-mawowa/Wed, 08 Jul 2015 11:45:45 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-102015-the-nordic-welfare-model-lessons-for-south-africa-by-showers-mawowa/This article is inspired by a seminar hosted by the Swedish Embassy in Pretoria on 17 June 2015. The seminar was on the “Nordic Welfare Model as a Transformative Tool” and possible lessons for South Africa. This is a relevant topic for South Africa given the ongoing debates and frustration over the perceived lack or slow pace, of transformation and growing inequality.https://www.salo.org.za/no-92015/Wed, 13 May 2015 09:00:33 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/no-92015/The capture of the city of Goma in November 2012 by the rebel group known as the Movement of 23 March (M23) exacerbated the suffering of women and children in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In order to end the conflict in eastern DRC, peace stakeholders in the DRC signed the Addis Ababa Peace and Security Co-operation Framework (PSCF) for the DRC and Great Lakes region.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-72015-zimbabwes-politics-of-despair-by-professor-brian-raftopoulos/Thu, 09 Apr 2015 10:37:40 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-72015-zimbabwes-politics-of-despair-by-professor-brian-raftopoulos/In an insightful commentary on the current state of Zimbabwe politics, Joost Fontein writes about the prevalence of despondency in which a ‘new timescale of hope and aspiration’ has emerged ‘that makes both the present and any immediate future appear equally uninspiring.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-62015-zimbabwes-re-engagement-by-the-western-community-a-call-for-a-calibrated-approach-by-tamuka-charles-chirimambowa/Wed, 01 Apr 2015 17:41:18 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-62015-zimbabwes-re-engagement-by-the-western-community-a-call-for-a-calibrated-approach-by-tamuka-charles-chirimambowa/Post 31st of July 2013; the Western Community has signalled or started engaging and normalising relations with Zimbabwe after close to two decades of contested leadership and disputed electoral outcomes. The signing of a bilateral grant between the EU and Zimbabwe, the visits by high level envoys from the United Kingdom and German in early 2015 signify a thawing of relations and shift from isolation to engagement.https://www.salo.org.za/no-52015-a-critique-of-the-current-regional-approach-to-human-security-within-the-context-of-informality-and-a-pervasive-artisanal-and-small-scale-mining-asm-sector-by-tamara-naidoo-and-showe/Wed, 25 Mar 2015 10:38:12 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/no-52015-a-critique-of-the-current-regional-approach-to-human-security-within-the-context-of-informality-and-a-pervasive-artisanal-and-small-scale-mining-asm-sector-by-tamara-naidoo-and-showe/The Southern African Development Community (SADC)’s human security infrastructure embraces the notions of freedom from want and fear as represented in the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report (1994) . However looking into SADC’s Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) on socio-economic dimensions and the Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ (SIPO) on peace and security, the infrastructure tends to focus heavily on the development and support of formal markets, essentially neglecting another core aspect of African life, the informal sector.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-42015-peace-and-security-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda-progress-and-prospects-by-showers-mawowa/Wed, 18 Mar 2015 15:12:12 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-42015-peace-and-security-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda-progress-and-prospects-by-showers-mawowa/Though the connection between peace and development is commonly acknowledged, the inclusion of peace and security in the emerging post-2015 development framework has been one of most contested propositions. The consensus around 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets including Goal 16 on “peaceful and inclusive societies” and provision of “access to justice” by the Open Working Group (OWG) of the UN General Assembly (UNGA) on the 29th of July 2014 and the subsequent endorsement of the SDGs by the UN Secretary General’s Synthesis Report of 4 December 2014, is a remarkable achievement for advocates of peace and justice issues in the post-2015 development framework.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-32015-swazilands-elusive-path-to-democracy-what-role-for-sa-and-the-region-by-klaus-stig-kristensen/Wed, 11 Mar 2015 10:11:35 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-32015-swazilands-elusive-path-to-democracy-what-role-for-sa-and-the-region-by-klaus-stig-kristensen/Just as with the South African struggle against apartheid, while internal pressure is essential, international solidarity, especially by the regional community, plays a key role in a potential democratic transition. In this article Klaus Stig Kristensen discusses the opportunities for South Africa and the region to support democratic transition in Swaziland in 2015.https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22015-western-sahara-africas-unfinished-business-by-howard-smith/Wed, 04 Mar 2015 09:15:35 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-22015-western-sahara-africas-unfinished-business-by-howard-smith/One of the anomalies of Twenty-first Century Africa is the existence of a single remaining colony on the continent, Western Sahara, colonised by neighbour the Kingdom of Morocco. In this contribution, Howard Smith gives a brief resumé of the Western Sahara issue, and then asks, “What more can be done?https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-12015-climate-change-exposes-the-limitations-of-the-state-centred-approach-to-peace-building-in-somalia-by-tamara-naidoo/Wed, 25 Feb 2015 09:15:36 +0200https://www.salo.org.za/dialogue-online-no-12015-climate-change-exposes-the-limitations-of-the-state-centred-approach-to-peace-building-in-somalia-by-tamara-naidoo/Somalia, due to perennial instability, has had a long history of international peacebuilding experiments that in turn, almost set the tone for global peace-building discourse and practise. Despite the successive and concentrated interventions, sustainable peace remains elusive in Somalia. This paper identifies state-centrism and the failure to translate the growing understanding of the link between climate change and conflict into peace-building practice as one of the challenges to establishing sustainable peace in Somalia.